Protecting the environment through insect farming as a means to produce protein for use as livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed

Author:

Tomberlin J.K.1,van Huis A.2,Benbow M.E.3,Jordan H.4,Astuti D.A.5,Azzollini D.6,Banks I.7,Bava V.8,Borgemeister C.9,Cammack J.A.1,Chapkin R.S.1,Čičková H.10,Crippen T.L.11,Day A.12,Dicke M.2,Drew D.J.W.13,Emhart C.14,Epstein M.15,Finke M.16,Fischer C.H.17,Gatlin D.1,Grabowski N.Th.18,He C.19,Heckman L.17,Hubert A.20,Jacobs J.21,Josephs J.22,Khanal S.K.23,Kleinfinger J.-F.24,Klein G.18,Leach C.25,Liu Y.26,Newton G.L.27,Olivier R.13,Pechal J.L.28,Picard C.J.29,Rojo S.30,Roncarati A.31,Sheppard C.32,Tarone A.M.1,Verstappen B.33,Vickerson A.34,Yang H.35,Yen A.L.3637,Yu Z.38,Zhang J.38,Zheng L.38

Affiliation:

1. Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA

2. Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Entomology, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands

3. Michigan State University, Department of Entomology and Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, 243 Natural Science Building, Lansing, MI 48824, USA

4. Mississippi State University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box GY, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA

5. Bogor Agricultural University, Department of Nutrition and Feed technology, Agathis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

6. University of Foggia, Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via Napoli 25, Foggia 71121, Italy

7. AgriProtein Technologies, Research and Development, 1 Rochester Road, cnr Stock Road, Philippi, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7781, South Africa

8. Diptera s.r.l., S.P. 141, km 7,200, Manfredonia 71043, Italy

9. University of Bonn, Centre for Development Research, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany

10. Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 06, Slovakia

11. Agricultural Research Service, SPARC, 2881 F&B Road College Station, TX 77845, USA

12. 4Ento Sarl, Chemin des Ramiers 12, Pully-Vaud 1009, Switzerland

13. AgriProtein, 33 Church Street, Cape Town 8001, South Africa

14. F4F, Camino La Fuente 1558, Las Condes, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, 7591293, Chile

15. Medical Univeristy of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria

16. Mark Finke LLC, 17028 Wildcat Drive, Rio Verde, AZ 85263, USA

17. Danish Technological Institute, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Kongsvang Alle 29, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark

18. Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule, Hannover University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Institut für Lebensmittelqualität und -sicherheit, Institut for Food Quality and Food Safety, LMQS, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany

19. Wuhan Chaotuo Ecological Agriculture Co., LTD, Shanpo street, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430216, China P.R.

20. International Platform of Insect for Food and Feed, Rue Belliard 199, B.22, 1040 Brussels, Belgium

21. Millibeter, Dambruggestraat 200, 2060 Antwerpen, Belgium

22. The Bug Shack, 50 Harland Road, Bournemouth BH6 4DW, United Kingdom

23. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, 1955 East-Wedt Rd., Ag. Sci. 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

24. NextAlim, 2 Avenue Galilée, Futuroscope, 86961 Chasseneuil-du-Poitou cedex, France

25. Midas Meal, 235 Nicholson St., Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia

26. Shandong Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, No. 61, Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China P.R.

27. University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Animal & Dairy Science Dept., 4251 US Hwy 319 S, Tifton, GA 31793, USA

28. Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, 243 Natural Science Building, Lansing, MI 48824, USA

29. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Department of Biology, 723 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

30. University of Alicante, Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain

31. University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Viale Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy

32. Insect Science Resource LLC, 768 Brighton Road Tifton, GA 31794, USA

33. Eawag – ETH Zurich, Sandec (Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development), Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland

34. Enterra Feed Corporation, Research and Development, 134 Great Northern Way, Vancouver, BC, V5T4T5, Canada

35. Central China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China P.R.

36. Biosciences Research Branch, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport & Resources, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia

37. School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia

38. Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China P.R.

Abstract

Securing protein for the approximate 10 billion humans expected to inhabit our planet by 2050 is a major priority for the global community. Evidence has accrued over the past 30 years that strongly supports and justifies the sustainable use of insects as a means to produce protein products as feed for pets, livestock, poultry, and aquacultured species. Researchers and entrepreneurs affiliated with universities and industries, respectively, from 18 nations distributed across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia contributed to the development of this article, which is an indication of the global interest on this topic. A brief overview of insects as feed for the aquaculture industry along with a review of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), as a model for such systems is provided.

Publisher

Wageningen Academic Publishers

Subject

Insect Science,Food Science

Reference21 articles.

1. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens and effects on its life cycle

2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2011. Global food losses and food waste – Extent, causes and prevention. FAO, Rome, Italy. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/mb060e/mb060e.pdf.

3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2012. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2012. FAO, Rome, Italy. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e.pdf.

4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2014a. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use emissions by sources and removal by sinks. FAO, Rome, Italy. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3671e/i3671e.pdf.

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