Content of saponin, tannin, and flavonoid in the leaves and fruits of Iranian populations from Rhamnus persica Boiss. (Rhamnaceae)

Abstract

To study the phytochemical properties in the leave and fruit of Iranian populations of Rhamnus persica Boiss, eighteen different populations from six geographical regions of Kermanshah province were studied. The results showed that the highest and lowest leaf saponin was present in Aliabad (6.40 mg/g) in Eslamabad-e Gharb and Chaharzebar in Mahidasht (3.29 mg/g), respectively. In fruit saponin, the highest content was in the population of Arkavazi in Eslamabad-e Gharb (4.33 mg/g) and the lowest being in Mahidasht population (Chaharzebar) and Sarpol-e Zahab (Galin) each with 2.20 mg/g. About the leaf tannin, the highest and lowest values were available in Barf-Abad population in Eslamabad-e Gharb (4.57 mg/g) and Chaharzebar in Mahidasht (1.83 mg/g), respectively. In addition, in the case of fruit tannin, the highest amount in Meleh-Sorkh population belonged to Homeil (2.74 mg/g) and the lowest being in of Changizeh population (Sonqor) in 2.28 mg/g. Moreover, the highest and lowest leaf flavonoids were obtained in two populations including Gordi in Eslamabad-e Gharb (6.14 mg/g) and Changizeh from Sonqor (4.09 mg/g), respectively. Regarding fruit flavonoids, the highest and lowest amounts were observed in populations of Meleh-Sorkh from Homeil (3.45 mg/g) and Banganjab in Mahidasht (2.13 mg/g). These findings confirmed the effect of geographical location on changing the phytochemical characteristics of Rhamnus populations in Kermanshah province from Iran.