Molecular Paleohydrology: Interpreting the Hydrogen-Isotopic Composition of Lipid Biomarkers from Photosynthesizing Organisms

Author:

Sachse Dirk1,Billault Isabelle2,Bowen Gabriel J.3,Chikaraishi Yoshito4,Dawson Todd E.5,Feakins Sarah J.6,Freeman Katherine H.7,Magill Clayton R.7,McInerney Francesca A.8,van der Meer Marcel T.J.9,Polissar Pratigya10,Robins Richard J.11,Sachs Julian P.12,Schmidt Hanns-Ludwig13,Sessions Alex L.14,White James W.C.15,West Jason B.16,Kahmen Ansgar17

Affiliation:

1. DFG-Leibniz Center for Surface Process and Climate Studies, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;

2. ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud 11, F-91405 Orsay, France

3. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907

4. Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 237-0061 Yokosuka, Japan

5. Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

6. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089

7. Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

8. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208

9. Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands

10. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964

11. Unit for Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling, University of Nantes, F-44322 Nantes, France

12. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

13. Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany

14. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125

15. Departments of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309

16. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843

17. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

Abstract

Hydrogen-isotopic abundances of lipid biomarkers are emerging as important proxies in the study of ancient environments and ecosystems. A decade ago, pioneering studies made use of new analytical methods and demonstrated that the hydrogen-isotopic composition of individual lipids from aquatic and terrestrial organisms can be related to the composition of their growth (i.e., environmental) water. Subsequently, compound-specific deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratios of sedimentary biomarkers have been increasingly used as paleohydrological proxies over a range of geological timescales. Isotopic fractionation observed between hydrogen in environmental water and hydrogen in lipids, however, is sensitive to biochemical, physiological, and environmental influences on the composition of hydrogen available for biosynthesis in cells. Here we review the factors and processes that are known to influence the hydrogen-isotopic compositions of lipids—especially n-alkanes—from photosynthesizing organisms, and we provide a framework for interpreting their D/H ratios from ancient sediments and identify future research opportunities.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Astronomy and Astrophysics

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