Affiliation:
1. Environment and Sustainability Institute and Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom;
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems are prokaryotic adaptive immune systems that provide protection against infection by parasitic mobile genetic elements, such as viruses and plasmids. CRISPR-Cas systems are found in approximately half of all sequenced bacterial genomes and in nearly all archaeal genomes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the evolutionary ecology of CRISPR-Cas systems, highlight their value as model systems to answer fundamental questions concerning host–parasite coevolution, and explain how CRISPR-Cas systems can be useful tools for scientists across virtually all disciplines.
Subject
Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Cited by
65 articles.
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