Causes, Consequences, and Conservation of Ungulate Migration

Author:

Kauffman Matthew J.1,Aikens Ellen O.234,Esmaeili Saeideh56,Kaczensky Petra789,Middleton Arthur10,Monteith Kevin L.11,Morrison Thomas A.12,Mueller Thomas1314,Sawyer Hall15,Goheen Jacob R.5

Affiliation:

1. U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA;

2. Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany

3. Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany

4. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;

5. Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA;

6. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;

7. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences (INN), NO-2480 Koppang, Norway;

8. University of Veterinary Sciences Vienna, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, A-1160 Vienna, Austria

9. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway

10. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94709, USA;

11. Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, USA;

12. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom;

13. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany

14. Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany;

15. Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., Laramie, Wyoming 82072, USA;

Abstract

Our understanding of ungulate migration is advancing rapidly due to innovations in modern animal tracking. Herein, we review and synthesize nearly seven decades of work on migration and other long-distance movements of wild ungulates. Although it has long been appreciated that ungulates migrate to enhance access to forage, recent contributions demonstrate that their movements are fine tuned to dynamic landscapes where forage, snow, and drought change seasonally. Researchers are beginning to understand how ungulates navigate migrations, with the emerging view that animals blend gradient tracking with spatial memory, some of which is socially learned. Although migration often promotes abundant populations—with broad effects on ecosystems—many migrations around the world have been lost or are currently threatened by habitat fragmentation, climate change, and barriers to movement. Fortunately, new efforts that use empirical tracking data to map migrations in detail are facilitating effective conservation measures to maintain ungulate migration.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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