Directed Evolution of Microbial Communities

Author:

Sánchez Álvaro1,Vila Jean C.C.1,Chang Chang-Yu1,Diaz-Colunga Juan1,Estrela Sylvie1,Rebolleda-Gomez María1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;, , , , ,

Abstract

Directed evolution is a form of artificial selection that has been used for decades to find biomolecules and organisms with new or enhanced functional traits. Directed evolution can be conceptualized as a guided exploration of the genotype–phenotype map, where genetic variants with desirable phenotypes are first selected and then mutagenized to search the genotype space for an even better mutant. In recent years, the idea of applying artificial selection to microbial communities has gained momentum. In this article, we review the main limitations of artificial selection when applied to large and diverse collectives of asexually dividing microbes and discuss how the tools of directed evolution may be deployed to engineer communities from the top down. We conceptualize directed evolution of microbial communities as a guided exploration of an ecological structure–function landscape and propose practical guidelines for navigating these ecological landscapes.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Cell Biology,Biochemistry,Bioengineering,Structural Biology,Biophysics

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