Affiliation:
1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
2. Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Partnership for Molecular Medicine, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
Abstract
P-type ATPases are found in all kingdoms of life and constitute a wide range of cation transporters, primarily for H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and transition metal ions such as Cu(I), Zn(II), and Cd(II). They have been studied through a wide range of techniques, and research has gained very significant insight on their transport mechanism and regulation. Here, we review the structure, function, and dynamics of P2-ATPases including Ca2+-ATPases and Na,K-ATPase. We highlight mechanisms of functional transitions that are associated with ion exchange on either side of the membrane and how the functional cycle is regulated by interaction partners, autoregulatory domains, and off-cycle states. Finally, we discuss future perspectives based on emerging techniques and insights.
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118 articles.
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