Nutrition Regulates Innate Immunity in Health and Disease

Author:

Nobs Samuel Philip1,Zmora Niv12,Elinav Eran13

Affiliation:

1. Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;

2. Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases and Internal Medicine Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel

3. Cancer-Microbiome Research Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;

Abstract

Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via signaling through the gut microbiota. In this review we elucidate emerging evidence that interactions between innate immunity and diet affect human metabolic health and disease, including cardiometabolic disorders, allergic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infections, and cancers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential modulatory effects of the gut microbiota on interactions between the immune system and nutrition in health and disease, namely how it relays nutritional signals to the innate immune system under specific physiological contexts. Finally, we identify key open questions and challenges to comprehensively understanding the intersection between nutrition and innate immunity and how potential nutritional, immune, and microbial therapeutics may be developed into promising future avenues of precision treatment.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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