Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Adverse Human Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

Author:

Lane Melissa M.1,Travica Nikolaj1,Gamage Elizabeth1,Marshall Skye234,Trakman Gina L.5,Young Claire1,Teasdale Scott B.67,Dissanayaka Thusharika1,Dawson Samantha L.1,Orr Rebecca1,Jacka Felice N.189,O'Neil Adrienne1,Lawrence Mark10,Baker Phillip11,Rebholz Casey M.1213,Du Shutong1213,Marx Wolfgang1

Affiliation:

1. 1Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; email: m.lane@deakin.edu.au

2. 2Research Institute for Future Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

3. 3Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

4. 4Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia

5. 5Department of Food, Nutrition, and Dietetics, Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

6. 6Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

7. 7Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia

8. 8Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

9. 9Department of Immunology, Therapeutics, and Vaccines, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

10. 10Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

11. 11Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

12. 12Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

13. 13Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Abstract

Our aim was to conduct an umbrella review of evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the link between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and human health outcomes. Using predefined evidence classification criteria, we evaluated evidence from 47 meta-analyses encompassing 22,055,269 individuals. Overall, 79% of these analyses indicated direct associations between greater sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher risks of adverse health outcomes. Convincing evidence (class I) supported direct associations between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risks of depression, cardiovascular disease, nephrolithiasis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and higher uric acid concentrations. Highly suggestive evidence (class II) supported associations with risks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dental caries. Out of the remaining 40 meta-analyses, 29 were graded as suggestive or weak in the strength of evidence (classes III and IV), and 11 showed no evidence (class V). These findings inform and provide support for population-based and public health strategies aimed at reducing sugary drink consumption for improved health.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

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