Prematurity: An Overview and Public Health Implications

Author:

McCormick Marie C.12,Litt Jonathan S.23,Smith Vincent C.2,Zupancic John A.F.2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Society, Human Development and Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;

2. Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;,

3. Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;

Abstract

The high rate of premature births in the United States remains a public health concern. These infants experience substantial morbidity and mortality in the newborn period, which translate into significant medical costs. In early childhood, survivors are characterized by a variety of health problems, including motor delay and/or cerebral palsy, lower IQs, behavior problems, and respiratory illness, especially asthma. Many experience difficulty with school work, lower health-related quality of life, and family stress. Emerging information in adolescence and young adulthood paints a more optimistic picture, with persistence of many problems but with better adaptation and more positive expectations by the young adults. Few opportunities for prevention have been identified; therefore, public health approaches to prematurity include assurance of delivery in a facility capable of managing neonatal complications, quality improvement to minimize interinstitutional variations, early developmental support for such infants, and attention to related family health issues.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Medicine

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