Interaction of Viruses with the Insect Intestine

Author:

Ma Enhao1,Zhu Yibin123,Liu Ziwen1,Wei Taiyun4,Wang Penghua5,Cheng Gong123

Affiliation:

1. Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;

2. Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China

3. Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China

4. Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China

5. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA

Abstract

In nature, insects face a constant threat of infection by numerous exogeneous viruses, and their intestinal tracts are the predominant ports of entry. Insects can acquire these viruses orally during either blood feeding by hematophagous insects or sap sucking and foliage feeding by insect herbivores. However, the insect intestinal tract forms several physical and immunological barriers to defend against viral invasion, including cell intrinsic antiviral immunity, the peritrophic matrix and the mucin layer, and local symbiotic microorganisms. Whether an infection can be successfully established in the intestinal tract depends on the complex interactions between viruses and those barriers. In this review, we summarize recent progress on virus-intestinal tract interplay in insects, in which various underlying mechanisms derived from nutritional status, dynamics of symbiotic microorganisms, and virus-encoded components play intricate roles in the regulation of virus invasion in the intestinal tract, either directly or indirectly.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Virology

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