Crop Biodiversity: An Unfinished Magnum Opus of Nature

Author:

Hufford Matthew B.1,Berny Mier y Teran Jorge C.2,Gepts Paul2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011–1020, USA;

2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616–8780, USA;,

Abstract

Crop biodiversity is one of the major inventions of humanity through the process of domestication. It is also an essential resource for crop improvement to adapt agriculture to ever-changing conditions like global climate change and consumer preferences. Domestication and the subsequent evolution under cultivation have profoundly shaped the genetic architecture of this biodiversity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of crop biodiversity. Topics include the reduction of genetic diversity during domestication and counteracting factors, a discussion of the relationship between parallel phenotypic and genotypic evolution, the role of plasticity in genotype × environment interactions, and the important role subsistence farmers play in actively maintaining crop biodiversity and in participatory breeding. Linking genotype and phenotype remains the holy grail of crop biodiversity studies.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Cell Biology,Plant Science,Molecular Biology,Physiology

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