Fukushima Daiichi–Derived Radionuclides in the Ocean: Transport, Fate, and Impacts

Author:

Buesseler Ken1,Dai Minhan2,Aoyama Michio3,Benitez-Nelson Claudia4,Charmasson Sabine5,Higley Kathryn6,Maderich Vladimir7,Masqué Pere89,Morris Paul J.10,Oughton Deborah11,Smith John N.12

Affiliation:

1. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543;

2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;

3. Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan;

4. University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208;

5. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV, La Seyne/Mer 83507, France;

6. School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;

7. Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Kiev 03680, Ukraine;

8. School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia;

9. Departament de Física, Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelon, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain

10. Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, MC 98000, Monaco;

11. Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway;

12. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth B2Y 4A2, Canada;

Abstract

The events that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, included the loss of power and overheating at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants, which led to extensive releases of radioactive gases, volatiles, and liquids, particularly to the coastal ocean. The fate of these radionuclides depends in large part on their oceanic geochemistry, physical processes, and biological uptake. Whereas radioactivity on land can be resampled and its distribution mapped, releases to the marine environment are harder to characterize owing to variability in ocean currents and the general challenges of sampling at sea. Five years later, it is appropriate to review what happened in terms of the sources, transport, and fate of these radionuclides in the ocean. In addition to the oceanic behavior of these contaminants, this review considers the potential health effects and societal impacts.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Oceanography

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