Wild Meat Is Still on the Menu: Progress in Wild Meat Research, Policy, and Practice from 2002 to 2020

Author:

Ingram Daniel J.1,Coad Lauren23,Milner-Gulland E.J.3,Parry Luke4,Wilkie David5,Bakarr Mohamed I.67,Benítez-López Ana8,Bennett Elizabeth L.5,Bodmer Richard9,Cowlishaw Guy10,El Bizri Hani R.1112,Eves Heather E.13,Fa Julia E.211,Golden Christopher D.1415,Iponga Donald Midoko16,Minh Nguyễn Văn17,Morcatty Thais Q.1218,Mwinyihali Robert19,Nasi Robert2,Nijman Vincent18,Ntiamoa-Baidu Yaa20,Pattiselanno Freddy2122,Peres Carlos A.2324,Rao Madhu525,Robinson John G.5,Rowcliffe J. Marcus10,Stafford Ciara26,Supuma Miriam2728,Tarla Francis Nchembi29,van Vliet Nathalie2,Wieland Michelle5,Abernethy Katharine116

Affiliation:

1. African Forest Ecology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom;, ,

2. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, West Java 16115, Indonesia;, , ,

3. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;

4. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom;

5. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY 10460-1068, USA;, , , ,

6. Global Environment Facility (GEF), Washington, DC 20433, USA;

7. Department of Wildlife Management and Conservation, School of Natural Resources Management, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone

8. Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), E-41092 Sevilla, Spain;,

9. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom;

10. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom;,

11. Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom;

12. RedeFauna – Research Network on Diversity, Conservation and Use of Wildlife in Amazônia, Brazil;

13. Center for Leadership in Global Sustainability, Virginia Tech, Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA;

14. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;

15. Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY), 512 Maroantsetra, Madagascar

16. Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), BP 9882, Libreville, Gabon;

17. Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Thua Thien Hue 49000, Vietnam;,

18. Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom;

19. Wildlife Conservation Society/Democratic Republic of Congo Programme (WCS DR Congo), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;

20. Centre for African Wetlands, and Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana;

21. Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Papua Manokwari, West Papua 98314, Indonesia;

22. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland QLD 4878, Australia

23. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;

24. Instituto Juruá, Manaus 69083-300, Brazil

25. National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558

26. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom;

27. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland QLD 4811, Australia

28. Private Consulting, Konedobu National Capital District 125, Papua New Guinea;

29. Central African Bushmeat Action Group (CABAG), Yaoundé, Cameroon;

Abstract

Several hundred species are hunted for wild meat in the tropics, supporting the diets, customs, and livelihoods of millions of people. However, unsustainable hunting is one of the most urgent threats to wildlife and ecosystems worldwide and has serious ramifications for people whose subsistence and income are tied to wild meat. Over the past 18 years, although research efforts have increased, scientific knowledge has largely not translated into action. One major barrier to progress has been insufficient monitoring and evaluation, meaning that the effectiveness of interventions cannot be ascertained. Emerging issues include the difficulty of designing regulatory frameworks that disentangle the different purposes of hunting, the large scale of urban consumption, and the implications of wild meat consumption for human health. To address these intractable challenges, wepropose eight new recommendations for research and action for sustainable wild meat use, which would support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

General Environmental Science

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