Platelet Mechanotransduction

Author:

Hansen Caroline E.12,Qiu Yongzhi12,McCarty Owen J.T.34,Lam Wilbur A.12

Affiliation:

1. Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;

2. Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA

3. Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

4. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

Abstract

The vasculature is a dynamic environment in which blood platelets constantly survey the endothelium for sites of vessel damage. The formation of a mechanically coherent hemostatic plug to prevent blood loss relies on a coordinated series of ligand–receptor interactions governing the recruitment, activation, and aggregation of platelets. The physical biology of each step is distinct in that the recruitment of platelets depends on the mechanosensing of the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib for the adhesive protein von Willebrand factor, whereas platelet activation and aggregation are responsive to the mechanical forces sensed at adhesive junctions between platelets and at the platelet–matrix interface. Herein we take a biophysical perspective to discuss the current understanding of platelet mechanotransduction as well as the measurement techniques used to quantify the physical biology of platelets in the context of thrombus formation under flow.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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