Nature Versus Nurture: Developing Enzymes That Function Under Extreme Conditions

Author:

Liszka Michael J.1,Clark Melinda E.2,Schneider Elizabeth13,Clark Douglas S.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,

2. Energy Biosciences Institute, and

3. UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;, , ,

Abstract

Many industrial processes used to produce chemicals and pharmaceuticals would benefit from enzymes that function under extreme conditions. Enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms have evolved to function in a variety of extreme environments, and bioprospecting for these microorganisms has led to the discovery of new enzymes with high tolerance to nonnatural conditions. However, bioprospecting is inherently limited by the diversity of enzymes evolved by nature. Protein engineering has also been successful in generating extremophilic enzymes by both rational mutagenesis and directed evolution, but screening for activity under extreme conditions can be difficult. This review examines the emerging synergy between bioprospecting and protein engineering in developing extremophilic enzymes. Specific topics include unnatural industrial conditions relevant to biocatalysis, biophysical properties of extremophilic enzymes, and industrially relevant extremophilic enzymes found either in nature or through protein engineering.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry

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