Transcriptional Regulation by (Super)Enhancers: From Discovery to Mechanisms

Author:

Grosveld Frank1,van Staalduinen Jente1,Stadhouders Ralph12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;,

2. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Abstract

Accurate control of gene expression in the right cell at the right moment is of fundamental importance to animal development and homeostasis. At the heart of gene regulation lie the enhancers, a class of gene regulatory elements that ensures precise spatiotemporal activation of gene transcription. Mammalian genomes are littered with enhancers, which are frequently organized in cooperative clusters such as locus control regions and superenhancers. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of enhancer biology, including an overview of the discovery of the various enhancer subsets and the mechanistic models used to explain their gene regulatory function.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Genetics(clinical),Genetics,Molecular Biology

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