The role of surgery in perianal disease developing in hematology malignancy patients

Abstract

Objective: Perianal diseases may impair the comfort of life in immunosuppressive patients as well as cause life-threatening complications. In this study, we aimed to analyze the surgical management and results of perianal region diseases in hematological patients who were consulted by the hematology clinic and to present non-surgical treatment options in these patients. Method: The files of the patients who were consulted by the Hematology Clinic of our hospital between January 2011 and January 2021 due to perianal disease were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with multiple data deficiencies were excluded from the study. Gender, age, hematological diagnosis, neutropenic status, number of consultations, surgical diagnosis, radiological imaging methods, treatment modalities and survival data of the patients were recorded. Results: A total of 911 consultations were requested from 627 patients. The number of patients consulted with the diagnosis of perianal disease was 147. Ninety (61.2%) of the patients were male and 57 (38.7%) were female. Of the patients, 74 (50.3%) had acute myeloid leukemia, 29 (19.7%) lymphoma, 15 (10.2%) acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 12 (8.1%) myelodysplastic syndrome, 10 (6.8%) multiple myeloma, 7 (4.7%) of them were followed up with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 53 (36%) patients had additional systemic disease besides hematological disease. All patients were examined and prediagnosed. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 72 patients with suspected abscess and fistula. Surgical treatment methods were applied to 30 (20.4%) of the patients. Conclusion: Perianal diseases frequently accompany hematological diseases, especially in neutropenic periods. With early examination, close follow-up and appropriate treatment, surgical necessity and the number of relapsed diseases can be minimized.