GENESIS OF COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF BORDER AUTHORITIES AND UNITS OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the investigation and delineation of counterintelligence powers of border authorities and units of Ukraine in different historical periods, determining the areas of their development. The paper is devoted to the study of historical aspects of the development of counterintelligence activities of border agencies, and national and state security bodies on the territory of Ukraine, in particular, the history of transformation of the relevant units and their powers. It is noted that the study of the history of the establishment and functioning of national special services is of practical importance and can become relevant when adjusting the national security strategy. The purpose of the study is to analyse the historical aspects of the development of counterintelligence activities and counterintelligence measures by border authorities and units on the territory of Ukraine in light of retrospective changes in national special services. The methodology of scientific research included a set of interrelated general scientific and historical and legal methods, namely: chronological – to periodise the development of counterintelligence authorities and units of national special services, and the border guard service; comparative legal analysis – a comparative approach to the past and modern legislation, which determines the authority to carry out counterintelligence activities or conduct counterintelligence measures; structural and functional – to classify the threat system, which is carried out by active measures of the main enemy. Features of the legal status of border authorities and divisions of Ukraine in different historical periods are highlighted. It is indicated on the main counterintelligence methods (measures) that were carried out by authorised state bodies and units, namely: the legendary method of capturing prisoners to be interrogated, first mentioned in the annals of the Kievan Rus and conducted mainly during military campaigns; perlustration (interception) of correspondence and external surveillance, their conduct is most characteristic of the period of the Russian occupation; agent measures, during the first liberation competitions, were consolidated in the legal field by the relevant provision, which specifies the main functions of the army special service of the Ukrainian People's Republic; operational surveillance, legend and operational disinformation (used by both the security service of the organisation of Ukrainian nationalists and Soviet state security agencies). Based on the studies by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, a classification of “active measures” that can be carried out by the aggressor state is presented. The areas of development of the powers of bodies and divisions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine to conduct counterintelligence activities are determined