Real-Time Measurement of Combustion Generated Particles with Photofragmentation-Fluorescence

Author:

Damm Christopher J.1,Lucas Donald1,Sawyer Robert F.1,Koshland Catherine P.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (C.J.D., R.F.S.); Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (D.L.); and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 (C.P.K.)

Abstract

Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is a viable technique for real-time monitoring of carbonaceous particles in combustion exhausts. The exhaust from a single-cylinder two-stroke engine is diluted and diverted into the laser interrogation region, resulting in a particle concentration of approximately 1 × 107/cm3. Light from a 193 nm ArF laser photofragments the particles and then produces fluorescence from the atomic carbon fragments at 248 nm, CH fragments at 431 nm, and C2 fragments at 468 nm. The atomic carbon fluorescence signal is proportional to the number concentration of particles in the laser interrogation region. The 100-shot (1 s) detection limit for particles in the exhaust is 1 mg/m3, expressed as a mass concentration of particulate matter. Interferences from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are negligible. The relative fluorescence yield at 248 nm is four times greater from particles than from the gas phase hydrocarbons present in the exhaust. This high yield suggests that the gas phase hydrocarbon interference would not be problematic for measurements of diesel exhaust, where the ratio of particulate carbon to gas phase hydrocarbon is high.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Spectroscopy,Instrumentation

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