Faktor Determinan Hipertensi pada Pedagang Pasar Cibinong, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Abstract In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension has increased quite rapidly and has become a public health problem. Traditional market traders are prone to hypertension because of the high work pressure that often causes physical and mental fatigue. Athough research on hypertension risk factors has been carried out a lot, but research on market traders is still limited. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the proportion of hypertension in Cibinong market traders and the factors that influence it. The study was conducted with a cross sectional design using a quantitative analysis. Bivariate analysis was carried out by Chi Square test and multivariate analysis was performed with Multiple Logistic Regression tests. The study was conducted in November 2017 at Cibinong market, Bogor Regency, West Java. The sample size of 75 people with inclusion criteria had traded for at least 1 month and the exclusion criteria of traders had a history of hypertension and taking antihypertensive drugs. The dependent variable is hypertension while the independent variables are gender, age, type of trade, duration of trading, duration of work, sleep duration, family history of hypertension, smoking history, physical activity, fruit and vegetables consumption, obestity, and central obesity. The results showed that the proportion of hypertension was 30.7%. The factors indicated to be associated with hypertension were central obesity (OR 22.05; 95% CI 1.03-239.9) and gender (OR 9.1; 95% CI 1.06-78.3) after being tested together as other variables (multivariate). Suggestion are given to control hypertension in market traders especially for male traders with central obesity through regular checks and regular treatment. Abstrak Di Indonesia, prevalensi hipertensi meningkat cukup pesat dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Para pedagang pasar tradisional rentan mengalami hipertensi karena tingginya tekanan pekerjaan yang seringkali menyebabkan kelelahan fisik dan juga pikiran. Meskipun penelitian tentang faktor risiko hipertensi sudah banyak dilakukan, tetapi penelitian pada pedagang pasar masih terbatas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi hipertensi pada pedagang Pasar Cibinong dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional (potong lintang) menggunakan pendekatan analisis secara kuantitatif. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square dan analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan uji Logistic Regression ganda. Penelitian dilakukan pada November 2017 di Pasar Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Besar sampel 75 orang dengan kriteria inklusi sudah berdagang minimal satu bulan dan kriteria eksklusi mempunyai riwayat hipertensi dan mengonsumsi obat anti hipertensi. Variabel dependen adalah hipertensi sedangkan variabel independen adalah jenis kelamin, umur, jenis dagangan, lama berdagang, durasi kerja, durasi tidur, riwayat keluarga hipertensi, riwayat merokok, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi buah dan sayur, obesitas dan obesitas sentral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian hipertensi sebesar 30,7%. Faktor yang terindikasi berhubungan dengan hipertensi adalah obesitas sentral (OR 22,05; 95% CI 1,03-239,9) dan jenis kelamin (OR 9,1; 95% CI 1,06-78,3) setelah diuji bersama-sama dengan variabel lainnya (multivariat). Saran yang diberikan adalah pengendalian hipertensi pada pedagang pasar khususnya pedagang laki-laki dengan obesitas sentral melalui pemeriksaan berkala dan pengobatan secara teratur.