PELAKSANAAN DISINFEKSI DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 DAN POTENSI RISIKO TERHADAP KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT When the Covid-19 pandemic was established, various countries made efforts to prevent the transmission of the disease; Indonesia is no exception. One way to break the chain of transmission is to disinfect. This article is a scoping review with the aim of getting an overview of the implementation of disinfection in preventing Covid-19 transmission in public areas and possible health risks posed in several regions in Indonesia. The data/information were collected by searching websites of various ministries/institutions and online media within 3 (three) months, starting from March 2020 (establishment of the Covid-19 pandemic) until May 2020. Data and information collected includes location, procedures, and targets of disinfection, as well as disinfectants used, and their effects on health. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that disinfection in public areas were conducted in offices, health facilities (hospitals and health centers), housing, shopping centers/malls/market, transportation areas (highways, terminals, bus stops, and vehicles). Disinfection has been carried out by spraying directly on surfaces/objects that are often touched and by spraying in the disinfection booth using irritant disinfectants. It can be concluded that the implementation of disinfection in public areas has the potential to cause health risks. It needs supervision in the implementation of disinfection, socialization and education about potential health risks to the community. Keywords: Disinfection, spraying, disinfection booths, public areas, disinfectants, health risks   ABSTRAK Saat ditetapkannya status pandemi Covid-19, berbagai negara melakukan upaya pencegahan penularan penyakit tersebut; tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Salah satu cara untuk memutus rantai penularan  adalah dengan melakukan disinfeksi. Artikel ini merupakan scoping review dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pelaksanaan disinfeksi dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di area publik dan kemungkinan risiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan. Cara pengumpulan data/informasi adalah dengan penelusuran website berbagai kementerian/lembaga dan media online dalam kurun 3 (tiga) bulan, yaitu mulai Maret 2020 (penetapan pandemi Covid-19) sampai dengan Mei 2020. Data dan informasi yang dikumpulkan meliputi acuan, lokasi, cara, sasaran disinfeksi, serta disinfektan yang digunakan, dan pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa disinfeksi di area publik, di perkantoran, fasilitas kesehatan (rumah sakit dan puskesmas), perumahan, pusat perbelanjaan/mall/pasar, dan area transportasi (jalan raya, terminal, halte, dan kendaraan) dilakukan dengan cara penyemprotan langsung terhadap permukaan/benda yang sering disentuh dan di dalam bilik disinfeksi, menggunakan disinfektan yang bersifat iritatif. Pelaksanaannya disinfeksi di beberapa area publik masih belum sesuai dengan Protokol/Pedoman Disinfeksi dalam Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 sehingga berportensi menimbulkan risiko kesehatan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan disinfeksi di area publik berpotensi menimbulkan risiko kesehatan. Perlu adanya pengawasan dalam pelaksanaan disinfeksi dan sosialisasi serta edukasi tentang potensi risiko kesehatan terhadap masyarakat. Kata kunci: Disinfeksi, penyemprotan, bilik disinfeksi, area publik, disinfektan, risiko kesehatan