Energy Management System for a Hybrid Fuel Cell Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Abstract

This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of the energy management system for a hybrid fuel cell and battery powertrain system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVS). The integration of fuel cells and batteries in UAV powertrains combines the high specific energy of fuel cells with the high specific power of batteries, resulting in a more efficient and lightweight energy solution. A novel energy management system (EMS), featuring advanced control algorithms such as fuzzy logic, is proposed to optimize energy distribution and enhance overall performance. The experimental setup includes a test-bench design equipped with a programmable DC/DC converter and a digital twin for real-time monitoring and predictive energy management system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in energy efficiency, reduced emissions, and enhanced operational reliability. This study underscores the potential of hybrid powertrain systems in advancing the sustainability and efficiency of UAV operations.