Psychiatric aspects of the MELAS syndrome

Abstract

MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes) syndrome is a condition characterized by mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. It is a rare, inherited, neurodegenerative disorder caused by mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to energy production disturbances. The disease most commonly begins at a younger age, before the age of 40, with episodes resembling strokes, and psychiatric symptoms can also occur in the early stages of the disease. Later on, encephalopathy may develop, which is accompanied by epileptic seizures and/ or dementia. Psychiatric disorders in MELAS syndrome are present but insufficiently studied, which should be considered during diagnosis to prevent th disease from going unrecognized. Early diagnosis of any disease, including MELAS, is crucial as timely initiation of treatment significantly contributes to a more favorable course and better prognosis of the disease. When diagnosing MELAS, attention should be paid to the potential presence of psychiatric disorders.