Reading ability of young school-age children

Author:

Vuković Mile,Reljić Trivković Rada,Ćalasan Slađana

Abstract

<p><strong><span id="page945R_mcid3" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 373.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.07883);" role="presentation">Introduction</span></span></strong><span id="page945R_mcid4" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 486.074px; top: 373.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.968201);" role="presentation"><strong>.</strong> Reading is a complex linguistic and cognitive ability, </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid5" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 393.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.991519);" role="presentation">acquired through learning. Children of typical development in the </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid6" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 413.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939212);" role="presentation">first four years of school completely master the reading skill. Howev</span></span><span id="page945R_mcid8" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 433.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.975212);" role="presentation">er, some children may have difficulty learning to read despite their </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid9" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 453.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.940408);" role="presentation">preserved intellectual abilities and adequate training. The aim of this </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid10" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 473.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.960173);" role="presentation">paper is to determine the reading ability and to identify reading dis</span></span><span id="page945R_mcid12" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 493.283px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.941858);" role="presentation">order in children of younger school age.</span></span></p> <p><span id="page945R_mcid13" class="markedContent"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 522.732px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02738);" role="presentation">Methods</span></strong></span><span id="page945R_mcid14" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 457.792px; top: 522.732px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945607);" role="presentation"><strong>.</strong> The sample consisted of 123 students of third, fourth and </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid15" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 542.732px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945621);" role="presentation">fifth grade of elementary school. The three-dimensional reading test</span></span><span id="page945R_mcid16" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 562.732px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903531);" role="presentation">- the text “One Snowy Day” was used. Reading speed, reading accura</span></span><span id="page945R_mcid18" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 582.732px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.920701);" role="presentation">cy and reading comprehension were assessed.</span></span></p> <p><span id="page945R_mcid19" class="markedContent"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 612.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.964007);" role="presentation">Results</span></strong></span><span id="page945R_mcid20" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 445.692px; top: 612.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.973784);" role="presentation"><strong>.</strong> Slow reading was identified in 35.3% of third graders and </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid21" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 632.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.942164);" role="presentation">22.2% of fourth graders. Deficits in reading accuracy were observed </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid22" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 652.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925099);" role="presentation">in 8.8% of third grade students. Delays in the development of reading </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid23" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 672.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.983915);" role="presentation">comprehension were identified in most of the examined students. </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid24" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 692.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944267);" role="presentation">On the whole, our results showed that there is no statistically signifi</span></span><span id="page945R_mcid26" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 712.181px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945406);" role="presentation">cant difference in reading ability between boys and girls.</span></span></p> <p><span id="page945R_mcid27" class="markedContent"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 741.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.994541);" role="presentation">Conclusion</span></strong></span><span id="page945R_mcid28" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 474.108px; top: 741.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.01249);" role="presentation"><strong>. </strong>A significant number of children is late in mastering </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid29" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 761.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.958129);" role="presentation">reading skills. Given that reading speed increases significantly with </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid30" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 781.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.940312);" role="presentation">age, and the number of errors decreases, we expect that many slow </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid31" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 801.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926564);" role="presentation">readers will reach an appropriate reading speed, and that most of the </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid32" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 821.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.93905);" role="presentation">children who showed unexpected number of errors will master accu</span></span><span id="page945R_mcid34" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 841.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.949219);" role="presentation">rate word decoding. Since comprehension deficits were identified in </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid35" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 861.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.965237);" role="presentation">the majority of respondents, we conclude that a significant number </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid36" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 881.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.965378);" role="presentation">of children did not reach the developmental stage in which reading </span></span><span id="page945R_mcid37" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 392.126px; top: 901.63px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923912);" role="presentation">becomes a means of learning.</span></span></p>

Publisher

Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Medicinski fakultet Foča

Subject

General Medicine

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