Correlation of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels with clinical prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and analysis of risk factors

Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferong (IFN-g) and the clinical prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Additionally, the study aims to analyse the risk factors associated with this correlation. Methods: The clinical data of 195 NPC patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were selected for a retrospective study. Based on the Glasgow score, patients were divided into two groups: the good prognosis group (group g), consisting of patients who scored 0 points, and the poor prognosis group (group p), consisting of patients who scored 1-2 points. The levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-g were compared between the two groups, and the clinical values of serum IL-2 and IFN-g in the prognosis of patients were analysed. The clinical parameters of the patients were collected, and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of NPC were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 195 patients, 125 were in group g, and 70 were in group p. The levels of IL-2 and IFN-g in group g were higher than in group p (P<0.05). The predictive AUC (95%CI) of IL-2 and IFN-g were 0.846 (0.791-0.902) and 0.851 (0.797-0.904), respectively (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, tumour diameter, clinical stages and degree of differentiation were risk factors for the prognosis of NPC patients. Conclusion: The levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-g are closely related to the prognosis of NPC patients and have certain value in evaluating the prognosis of patients. The age, tumour diameter, tumour staging and degree of tumour differentiation are all risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients, which can provide a reference for selecting clinical treatment methods and evaluating prognosis.