Gonorrheal urethritis and antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Urethritis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the appearance of mucopurulent or purulent urethral secretions, with or without dysuria, due to an increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the anterior urethra. Recommended therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea of the urethra, cervix and rectum when antimicrobial susceptibility of gonococci has not been tested, is a combination of ceftrixasone 1 g intramuscularly in one dose, with azithromycin 2 g in one oral dose. Antimicrobial therapy and prevention measures are the basis of the fight against bacterial urethritis. This fight is disturbed by antimicrobial resistance, which results in unsuccessful therapy and the possibility of complications of urethritis. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics has been known for decades, and there is a danger that in the future certain strains of N. gonorrhoeae will be resistant to all available antimicrobials if there are no new antibiotics that will not develop resistance quickly or in the case of development of effective vaccines.