The Role of the "Day of Russian Culture" in Constructing Russian Emigration Identity of the "First Wave".

Abstract

Russian Culture Day, celebrated in most of the countries of Russian emigration on the birthday of Alexander Pushkin, is the subject of the study. In the article, this celebration is considered not as a narrowly cultural event, but as a national holiday, that is, an event whose value is recognized by all members of the nation who, as spectators or participants, are involved in the celebrations. Special attention is paid to three key functions of the holiday: uniting, protecting young people from denationalization and maintaining a sense of collective dignity. Other functions are also considered, the most obvious of which are entertainment and educational, but these three influenced the formation of a special emigrant identity. It is demonstrated that despite the remaining differences, different political forces took part in the preparation and holding of the holiday. At the same time, the view of the historical significance of Russian culture and the role of Pushkin could differ, but the controversy remained within the framework of the holiday, which served as a platform for communication. Special attention is paid to the press and its influence on the formation and development of the Day of Russian Culture. The text notes that the Day of Russian Culture was a phenomenon of "white emigration", expressing its values and aspirations. This celebration existed and consolidated the "white" emigrant mythology, one of the key characteristics of which was the belief in a speedy return to their homeland, "liberated" from the Communists. The victory in the Second World War of the Soviet Union, led to the disappointment of emigrants in this idea. Also at the end of the 40s, the "second wave" got into emigration, which was very different in its abilities from its predecessors. These factors predetermined the fading and disappearance of such an important symbol of "white emigration" as the Day of Russian Culture.