Human immunodeficiency virus influence bone tissue

Abstract

The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy upon mineral metabolism and bone mineral density is being studied worldwide. Patients with HIV are a risk group for reduced bone mineral density as these diseases are more common in them than in healthy people. The report presents a review of the literature on the topic. The review consists of several parts, and each of them deals with the effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on bony tissue and osteoclastogenesis at different levels: molecular, cellular, tissue, hormonal and various extracellular protein levels. Due to modern diagnostics and treatment, the survival rate of patients with HIV infection has increased significantly. It has led to the problem of developing not only dysimmunity but also age-related diseases. When discussing the problem of bone formation and bone resorption in HIV, the multifactorial nature of these conditions must be considered to further prediction of secondary diseases development to adjust patient's management for hormonal and age-related changes, resource allocation, and educating health professionals in diagnosis and treatment. The review relies on the data from peer-reviewed medical journals, using a bibliographic search method and relevant internet resources, including PubMed.