Mechanisms of Influence of Intestinal Microbiota on the Processes of Aging of the CNS and the Formation of Cognitive Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Background: the increase in the life expectancy of a modern person is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. Various indicators associated with biological age are consistent with neurocognitive deficits. In the process of ontogeny, a complex symbiotic relationship develops between the host and the microbe. Presumably, they are realized along the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The participation of the intestinal microbiota in the ontogeny of the brain is assumed. The purpose of review: based on a systematic review of the scientific literature, to summarize research data on the mechanisms of the influence of the intestinal microbiota on the aging processes of the central nervous system and the formation of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer’s disease.Materials and methods: 27 Russian-language and 257 English-language articles were selected from MedLine/PubMed and eLibrary from 2000 to 2022 by the keywords “gut microbiota”, “neurocognitive disorders”, “aging”, “neurodegeneration”, “Alzheimer’s disease”. The hypothesis about the participation of the microbiota in cerebral ontogeny made it possible to select 110 articles for analysis.Conclusion: this scientific review reflects the authors’ ideas about the systemic mechanisms of normal and pathological aging of the CNS and the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders.