Phospholipase A2 enzymes PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

BACKGROUND Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are pivotal in various biological processes, such as lipid mediator production, membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and maintaining the body surface barrier. Notably, these enzymes play a significant role in the development of diverse tumors. AIM To systematically and comprehensively explore the expression of the PLA2 family genes and their potential implications in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS We conducted an analysis of five CCA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus. The study identified differentially expressed genes between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues, with a focus on PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was utilized to pinpoint associated pathways. Moreover, relevant hub genes and microRNAs for PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B were predicted, and their correlation with the prognosis of CCA was evaluated. RESULTS PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B were discerned as differentially expressed in CCA, manifesting significant variations in expression levels in urine and serum between CCA patients and healthy individuals. Elevated expression of PLA2G2A was correlated with poorer overall survival in CCA patients. Additionally, the study delineated pathways and miRNAs associated with these genes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B may serve as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for CCA. The increased levels of these genes in biological fluids could be employed as non-invasive markers for CCA, and their expression levels are indicative of prognosis, underscoring their potential utility in clinical settings.