Application of sintilimab combined with anlotinib hydrochloride in the clinical treatment of microsatellite stable colorectal cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND Microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of tumor with limited treatment options. Sintilimab and anlotinib hydrochloride are two extensively studied anticancer drugs. AIM To probe the clinical value of combining sintilimab with anlotinib hydrochloride in MSS CRC treatment. METHODS During the period spanning from April 2019 to April 2022, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital accommodated a cohort of 92 patients diagnosed with MSS CRC who were classified into two distinct groups in our study, the observation group and the control group. The control group was administered anlotinib hydrochloride as their designated therapy, whereas the observation group received the additional treatment of sintilimab in conjunction with the therapy assigned to the control group. The administration of treatment occurred in cycles consisting of a duration of 3 wk, and the evaluation of effectiveness took place subsequent to the completion of two consecutive cycles of treatment within both groups. A comparative analysis between the two groups was conducted to assess the short-term efficacy and ascertain the incidence of adverse events transpiring throughout the duration of the treatment period. Changes in the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), CA125, and T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) as well as the assessment of the quality of life using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 were compared between the two groups prior to and subsequent to therapy. Finally, a 1-year follow-up was conducted for both groups of patients, and the survival status was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The short-term effectiveness displayed by the observation group surpassed that exhibited by the control group, with a statistically significant discrepancy (76.09% vs 50.00%), reaching a significance level denoted as P < 0.05. Following the administration of treatment, the observation group manifested a considerable reduction in numerous serum indicators, which were found to be lower than the corresponding pretreatment levels within the same group as well as the post-treatment levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Post-treatment, the T lymphocyte subset levels within the observation group demonstrated a remarkable amelioration, surpassing the corresponding pre-treatment levels observed within the same group as well as the post-treatment levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Subsequent to the therapeutic intervention, the observation group showcased a notable amelioration in the scores associated with multiple dimensions of life quality. These scores outperformed the pretreatment scores within the same group as well as the post-treatment scores observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The safety levels of drug use in the two group were comparable (19.57% vs 13.04%), and no distinct difference was observed upon comparison (P > 0.05). After the completion of treatment, both groups of patients underwent a 1-year follow-up outside the hospital. Throughout this period, 1 patient within the observation group and 2 patients within the control group became untraceable and were lost to follow-up. During the follow-up period of the observation group, 12 patients died, resulting in a survival rate of 73.33% (33/45), while in the control group, 21 patients died, resulting in a survival rate of 52.27% (23/44). The implementation of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a conspicuous contrast in survival rates exhibited by the two groups (log-rank = 4.710, P = 0.030). CONCLUSION The combination of sintilimab and anlotinib hydrochloride demonstrated favorable efficacy in the treatment of MSS CRC patients, leading to improvements in patient immunity and prognosis. Additionally, it exerted inhibitory effects on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA199, and CA125.