Exact and Numerical Treatment of a Special Kind of the Pantograph Model via Laplace Technique

Abstract

The Pantograph is a device of practical application in electric trains, by which the current is collected. The mathematical problem of this device is generally given by the delay differential equation φ’(t) = αy(t) + βφ(γt), where α and β are real constants and γ is a proportional delay parameter. In the literature, a special attention has been given to the particular case γ = −1. The objective of this paper is to extend the application of the Laplace transform (LT) combined with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) to analyze the above model at such particular case of γ. The solution will be determined in exact form which agrees with the corresponding results in the literature. Various properties of the obtained exact solution are discussed in detail. Moreover, it will be declared that for sufficiently small values of α compared to β there exists an accurate approximate solution. The accuracy of the approximate solution is numerically validated. In addition, some numerical results are conducted for the behavior of the present solution at selected values of α and β.