MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS OF NEURONAL DEATHIN ACUTE CEREBRAL CIRCULATIONDISORDERS

Abstract

Acute cerebral circulatory disorders are characterised by various changes in brain cells, often leading to mass death. This review presents a list of markers associated with different types of cell death occurring in acute cerebral circulation disorders and identifies the importance of these markers in the diagnosis of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke.Acute cerebral circulation disorder is one of the most debated issues in modern resuscitation and medicine, asit is asevere condition leading to stroke and subsequent patient death, if not treated promptly. However, rapid treatment and diagnosis of stroke is difficult due to the lack of study of morphological signs and biomarkers to reliably determine the nature of the injury. Anin-depth analysis and systematization of the available information on this topic is needed.Purpose of the review:to reveal the correspondence between the molecular mechanisms of cell death in acute disorders ofcerebral circulation and their morphological manifestations.Material and Methods.A total of 50 most relevant sources of information were selected. The sources were selected from the databases of medical and biological publications PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, and fundamental works of scientificliterature on the considered topic were involved.Results.The main mechanisms of cell death in stroke were identified and analyzed, the morphological and histological features ofthe observed processes and their structural manifestations were reviewed. Besides, the most frequently detected molecular markers specific for each type of cell death were listed.Conclusion.The study of molecular pathways andcellular reorganization processes characteristic of different types of cell death as well as their corresponding biological markers is of important diagnostic value in the detection of cerebral circulatory disorders. Determination of morphological and molecular markers typical for this condition will allow a prompt diagnosis ofstroke and minimization of its negative consequences.