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2. Lawrence, G. N. (1867d) [1865] Descriptions of new species of birds of the families Tanagridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Formicaridae, Tyrannidae, and Trochilidae. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8: 126-135.
3. Berlepsch, H. Graf von (1905). On the genus Elaenia. Proceedings of the Fourth International Ornithological Congress. Ornis 14:372–448.
4. Wetmore, A. (1972). The Birds of the Republic of Panamá. Volume 3. Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae (Woodcreepers) to Oxyruncidae (Sharpbills). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 150(3). Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA.
5. Meyer de Schauensee, R., and W. H. Phelps (1978). A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.