CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VOLATILE COMPONENTS PULICARIA SALVIIFOLIA AND P. GNAPHALODES AND THEIR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes belong to one of the richest terpenoid plants of the genus Pulicaria (family Asteraceae). The genus includes 63 species, 16 species grow in Uzbekistan. In folk medicine, plants are actively used to treat various diseases, and have long been used as a natural remedy for mosquitoes, flies and fleas. Secondary plant metabolites are of great practical interest as a natural raw material for the creation of biopesticides. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the volatile components of gasoline fractions of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes plants and to study their insecticidal activity against the number of insect pests. For the first time, the composition of volatiles in the aerial parts of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes was studied by GC/MS. It was revealed that the predominant components of P. salviifolia are β-terpineol (10.44%), isospatulenol (8.00%), iceol (6.79%), sabinene hydrate (5.72%), l-caryophyllene (4.24%), terpinene-4-ol (4.07%), d-cadinene (3.65%), α-amorphous (2.30%). Calaminene (12.44%), 2-phenylpyrazol-3-amine (8.61%), 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (7.71%), 1,8-cineole (6.06%), 2-heptene dominate among the volatile substances of P. gnaphalodes-1-ol, 2-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)-, (E)- (6.04%), 1-bromohomoadamantane (5.73%), 7-acetyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (4.83%). Gasoline fractions of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes were tested for insecticidal activity against apple aphid (Aphis pomi), peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus). An insecticidal activity was studied in laboratory conditions. A comparative study of the biological activity of the fractions showed that the biological efficiency of the P. gnaphalodes extract fraction after 24 hours at 0.5% concentration was higher: in relation to Aphis pomi 96.6%, Myzus persicae Sulzer – 76.0% and Callosobruchus maculatus – 90.0%, for the fraction of Pulicaria salviifolia extract in a 0.5% dose, these indicators were 60.2%, 72.0% and 86.6%, respectively.