CONTENT OF ANTHOCYANINS IN THE BARK OF FRUIT AND BERRY PLANTS DUE TO ADAPTION TO LOW TEMPERATURES

Abstract

The most important indicator of adaptability cultivar is the winter hardiness of wood. In adverse conditions of autumn-winter period trees of many cultivars may be severely damaged and even die. At the same time, in the process of evolution, a system of adaptive reactions is formed that are associated with a deep change in metabolism and is determined by the speed and depth of its change without violating the consistency between individual functions, so that the unity of the organism and the environment is not violated. This, ultimately, determines the vital activity of the body and its endurance. At this stage of the study, it is shown how plants react to lower temperatures by changing the color of sprouts and accumulating anthocyanins. The aim of the work was to determine the winter hardiness of different cultivars of fruit plants based on physiological processes. Cultivars Malus domestica 'Era' and M. domestica 'Vydubytska plakucha' were isolated in the presence of the largest accumulation of secondary metabolites in their generative organs – 378.18–273.33 mg/100 g of dry matter, that is, they are the most plastic before adapting to abiotic factors. The Ribes uva-crispa 'Hamamekii' and Viburnum opulus genotypes with the lowest overall quantity of anthocyanins were 75.79–67.37 mg/100 g of dry matter. Based on the results of the analysis found that the highest content of anthocyanins in the cultivar Everest, and the lowest – cultivar John.