STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STACHYS PALUSTRIS L. ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCING IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

Abstract

Samples of essential oil from the ground part of Stachys palustris L., which grows wild in the Astrakhan region, were obtained by hydrodistillation, and the dependence of its yield on the growing season of the plant was studied. The duration of the hydrodistillation process was set experimentally to study the dynamics of changes in the results of essential oil over time. The yield of essential oil is observed in % when converted to the weight of absolutely dry raw materials. The highest yield of essential oil was obtained from plants in the flowering phase (0.19–0.20%). Quantitative analysis of the main components of Stachys palustris L. essential oil was carried out by GC-MS method. The quantitative content of essential oil components was calculated from the areas of gas chromatographic peaks without using correction factors. It was found that the composition of the essential oil of Stachys palustris L. was very specific. 47 compounds belonging to various classes have been identified. It has been established that the composition of the essential oil of the Stachys palustris L. is very specific. 47 compounds corresponding to the class were identified. Compound classes include fatty acids and acid esters (36.23%), carbonyl compounds (14.25%) and oxygenated basic sesquiterpenes (12.90%), phenols (5.85%). Among the sesquiterpenoids, the predominant component of the essential oil is hexahydrofarnesylacetone (7.5%). The oil also contains (Z)-phytol (6.78%), thymol (4.2%), β-ionone (3.36%) and β-caryophyllene (2.87%). Nonspecific components of the essential oil of the taxon Stachys palustris growing in the Astrakhan region are coumarin (10.27%) and coumaran (0.36%).