Problems and challenges of future medical education: current state and development prospects

Abstract

The system of medical education has demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness around the world. Two approaches are dominant - the traditional approach, which consists of students acquiring knowledge, and the innovative approach, which implies a greater role of practical training. The traditional approach dominates in Asian countries, Russia, and Ukraine. The innovative approach is actively implemented in Western countries (USA, European Union). The study aimed to analyze the level of medical education among the most effective systems. For this purpose, 703 articles were analyzed, 41 of which formed the basis of this study. The most effective systems turned out to be French and Canadian. Within the education of these systems, the duration of education can be reduced to 3 years without losing the quality of education. The features of the innovative system of medical education are the selection of applicants, the duration and structure of the educational program, the methods of teaching medical disciplines. This result is possible due to the application of the small group effect with an emphasis on individual search, interpretation of information, and its application in practice. An important factor is that learning to practice begins in the first year. With the help of the test system, students' knowledge is regularly monitored and the opportunity to work in polyclinics as well as with real patients is provided. Based on the information analyzed, we recommend applying the basics of medical education in Canada to students in Pakistan. Certainly, it will help to achieve practical results in a short period of time.