Clinical and experimental substantiation of the effect of hypoxia on the wall of the small and large intestine in newborns

Abstract

Based on the analysis of morphological and morphometric data, the clinical and experimental results of the effect of hypoxia on the wall of the small and large intestine in newborns are presented. The clinical part is based on the study of 58 case histories of patients with necrotizing enterocolitis, which the operating material (resected sections of the small intestine, large intestine) was studied in detail. The experimental work included the modeling of chronic hypobaric hypoxia in different trimesters of pregnancy in 4 groups of white rats (24 females). The offspring was taken out of the experiment at 4-5 days after birth, followed by collection of the small and large intestine areas to study histoarchitectonics. It is proved that hypoxia affects the number of newborn offspring, its weight. The small intestine is most vulnerable to the effect of this factor. Analysis of the morphological and morphometric picture of the operating and experimental material convincingly proves that under the influence of hypoxia the destruction of the intestinal mucosa occurs and the growth of the connective tissue component in the muscle layer occurs. Changes from the microcirculation of blood and lymph provoke the development of pre-ulcerative, ulcerative defects and the formation of necrosis. Disturbance of the drainage function promotes the spread of destruction in the intestinal wall.