DYNAMICS OF INDICES OF THE STATE OF HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE CITY OF ST. PETERSBURG FOR 20 YEARS

Abstract

The objective of the research was to study the dynamics of health indices of children and adolescents of the city of Saint Petersburg for 20 years. We analyzed official statistical data of general and primary morbidity rate of children aged of 0-14 years and adolescents aged 15-17 years, the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren (7-17 years), as well as there was held a comparative analysis of the health state of senior schoolchildren in 5 Saint Petersburg schools with advanced content of education based on indices of the pathological prevalence rate, physical development, non-specific resistance, adaptation status. The study was executed according to approved standard methods. In the study, over a 20-year period there was revealed a steady trend of health deterioration of children and adolescent population of the city as a whole, and schoolchildren enrolled in the program with advanced content of education as well. The prevalence rate of diseases in children has increased by 72.0%, while primary morbidity increased by 70.4%. Adolescents aged 15-17 years showed more pronounced gain of indices than in children, the level of general and primary morbidity rate has increased by 2 times. In the structure of general and primary morbidity of children and adolescents first ranking places were held by respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In chronic morbidity of schoolchildren there were prevailed diseases of the musculoskeletal system, diseases of the eye and its appendages, respiratory diseases. There was established the gain in the pathological prevalence rate in schoolchildren with advanced content of education. In the majority of the surveyed high school students there were diagnosed polysystemic changes in health status. Negative trends in the health status of children and adolescents of the city of Saint - Petersburg were confirmed by indices of nonspecific resistance: immunological tests, key elements of protective enzyme systems of the body. In order to stabilize the growth of children and adolescent incidence there were suggested directions of prevention work.