Affiliation:
1. Center for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health; Lomonosov Moscow State University
2. Center for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health
Abstract
Introduction. The use of anti-icing materials (AIM) in winter, along with useful functions, is accompanied by negative consequences of their impact on environmental objects (EO) and indirectly on human health. At present, the toxic properties of many anti-icing agents (AIM) included in AIMs have been studied, and a number of positions of their impact on environmental protection are monitored. The main utilization of the snow mass is carried out through stationary snow-alloy points (SAP). This event is associated with a high load on environmental protection, especially on water bodies, and requires information on toxicity, intake dynamics, composition of pollutants, including those included in the AIM. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of AIM in the nature of water pollution in SAP treatment systems and the degree of possible contamination of open water bodies, in particular, rivers. Material and methods. The samples of the snow collected from the territory of the city of Moscow for further melting were delivered to the stationary snow-alloy points of the State Unitary Enterprise “Mosvodostok”; water samples from the tanks where the treatment takes place; and wastewater samples were taken before discharge into the river. Chemical analytical methods and a wide range of bio testing methods were used. Results. Through the snow-alloy points as part of the snow mass, the anti-icing materials fall into the reservoirs and rivers of the city of Moscow. This is accompanied by an increase in the number of related elements (Zn>1.0 mg/l, etc.) and easily soluble salts (the mineralization reaches 4830 mg /l). In the waters of rivers, electrical mineralization in some cases reaches the maximum permissible value (1000 mg/l) or slightly exceeds this value (1125 mg/l). An excess is established for a number of elements, both the main components of the AIM and the associated components (Zn, Fe, Al, etc.). Methods of biological control with the involvement of biotests in some cases confirm the presence of a negative effect.
Publisher
Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Pollution,General Medicine
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