Cardiac involvement in some rheumatic diseases.

Abstract

The review covers the modern scientific literature about cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are associated with chronic inflammation, most often joints, skin, eyes, lungs, kidneys and circulatory system. Cardiovascular manifestations of autoimmune diseases can be mild and clinically silent; they can also increase morbidity and mortality. Defeat of cardiovascular system at patients with rheumatoid arthritis: myocarditis, a pericarditis, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular arrhythmias, a syndrome of the extended interval of QT, atrial fibrillation, valvulopathy, development of chronic heart failure, formation of heart disease. Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus follows different pathophysiologic mechanisms and covers a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes including pericarditis, myocarditis, valvular abnormalities, aseptic endocarditis, heartfailure, ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. Valvular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus includes valvulitis, aortic and mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis. For diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases are used clinical laboratory methods, the electrocardiogram, echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography/ computed tomography, computed coronary angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. The following echocardiographic abnormalities have been reported in ankylosing spondylitis: ascending aortitis, aortic and mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse and diastolic dysfunction. The following echocardiographic abnormalities can be seen in psoriatic arthritis: fibrinous pericarditis, myocarditis and valvular disease.