Use of stem cell-enriched fat grafts in facial reconstruction: have they demonstrated superiority over autologous fat grafting?

Abstract

Since the 1990s, big strides have been made in plastic and reconstructive surgery, thanks to the implementation of new techniques and resources for its execution. In cases where restoration is sought for small defects, biosurgery, involving the utilization of stem cells, biomaterials, chemical engineering, and tissue engineering, can be employed. The potential to stimulate the innate regenerative capacity of tissue and generate a persistent response over time, minimizing surgical trauma and re-interventions, lies in stem cell transplantation. However, the evidence published on this matter is very scarce, leading to divergence of opinions, suggestions, and recommendations. The aim of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence concerning the outcomes of using fat grafts enriched with stem cells in facial reconstruction, as compared to autologous fat grafts. The review of the literature demonstrates a marked trend suggesting that fat grafts enriched with stem cells may be superior to autologous grafts in facial reconstruction, with potential benefits in medium-term volume retention and faster attainment of results.