Atomic frequency comb optical memory in EuCl3·6H2O crystal

Abstract

Quantum memory is a crucial component for the large-scale quantum networks. Rare-earth-ion doped crystals have been a promising candidate for the practical quantum memory because of its very long coherence time. However, doped ions cause unwanted lattice distortion, and consequently reduce the optical depth and the storage efficiency. The stoichiometric rare-earth crystals have low lattice distortion and high rare earth ion density, and thus are expected to enable high-efficiency storage. EuCl₃·6H₂O is a promising material for quantum memory applications because its optical inhomogeneous broadening can be smaller than its hyperfine splitting and the theoretically predicted spin coherence time is up to 1000 seconds. Despite the numerous efforts in solid-state quantum memory based on rare-earth ion doped crystals, optical memory and quantum memory have not been implemented with stoichiometric rare-earth crystals yet. Here, we report the atom frequency comb optical storage using a EuCl₃·6H₂O crystal. A coherence time of 55.7 μs is obtained by photon echo measurements on <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$^7{\rm{F}}_0 \rightarrow {}^5{\rm{D}}_0$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20210648_M2.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20210648_M2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> transition. The two-level atomic frequency comb storage is demonstrated with a storage efficiency of 1.71% at a storage time of 1 μs, showing the potential capability of optical quantum storage of this material. Based on the analysis of the line shift of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$^7{\rm{F}}_0 \rightarrow {}^5{\rm{D}}_0$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20210648_M3.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20210648_M3.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> depending on the sample temperature, we highlight the challenge of achieving high-efficiency optical pumping in this material, which imposes a limit on the achievable efficiency.