Energy level-splitting of ground state in spinor Bose-Einstein condensate with large number of atoms

Abstract

We study the mode deviation effect of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate with large number of atoms in optical trap beyond the single-mode approximation. Based on the effective Hamiltonian with nondegenerate level of the collective spin states, we get the mode deviation factor and explicitly calculate the level splitting energy as function of the atom number N.