Analysis of mixed rhythm and its dynamics in closed-loop respiratory control system driven by electromagnetic induction

Abstract

The pre-Bötzinger complex is a crucial region for generating respiratory rhythms in mammals. Peripheral chemoreceptors have a significant influence on respiratory rhythm by monitoring changes in blood oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration. This study introduces a closed-loop respiratory control model, which is driven by electromagnetic induction and based on the activation of pre-Bötzinger complex neurons. The model incorporates various factors including the motor pool, lung volume, lung oxygen, blood oxygen, and chemoreceptors. The response of the system subjected to the same hypoxic perturbation under different electromagnetic induction is studied, and the control effect of magnetic flux feedback coefficient on the recovery of mixed rhythms is investigated. Using bifurcation analysis and numerical simulations, it is found that the magnetic flux feedback coefficient has a significant influence on the ability to recover respiratory rhythm. The dynamic mechanism of the magnetic flux feedback coefficient on different hypoxic responses in closed-loop systems are revealed. Dynamic analysis indicates that under certain electromagnetic induction, the mixed bursting rhythm in the closed-loop system can autoresuscitate if the bifurcation structure before and after applying hypoxia perturbation are completely identical. However, when the bifurcation structure before and after applying hypoxia perturbation are different, the mixed bursting rhythm in the system cannot autoresuscitate. In addition, for the cases where automatic recovery is not achieved under mild electromagnetic induction, increasing the magnetic flux feedback coefficient appropriately can lead the system to autoresuscitate, which is closely related to the Hopf bifurcation and fold bifurcation of limit cycle. This study contributes to understanding the influence of the interaction between the central respiratory and peripheral chemoreceptive feedback on respiratory rhythm, as well as the control effect of external induction on the hypoxic response.