Influence of Defect in Perovskite Solar Cell Materials on Device Performance and Stability

Abstract

Perovskite solar cell materials becomes one of the most attractive light absorbing materials in the photovolatic field due to their unique photoelectric characteristics, especially the rapid improvement of power conversion efficiency in the early short period of time. However, in recent years, the growth of conversion efficiency has entered a slow stage, posing a challenge for subsequent development. In addition, the long-time stability of materials has become a key barrier to widespread commerical applications. These emergence of these problems is closely related to the inevitable defects in the material preparation process, because defects are usually regarded as one of the key factors hindering the improvement of photovolatic performance and materical stability. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the inherent defects of materials is essential to improve cell efficiency and maintain long-time structural stability. In this paper, the effects of defects in perovskite materials on photovolatic performance and stability are discussed in many aspects, including the traditional rigid defects, unconventional defects, complex defects, and ion migration. Second, the paper also delves into how defects affect carrier lifetime and highlights their role in shaping the overall cell performance. Such insights are pivotal for designing effective strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of defects on material performance and stability. Finally, we discuss the complex relationship between defects and structural stability, and recognize that defects are a key determinant of the long-term robustness of perovskite solar cells. The understanding of the mechanism behind the focus problems will help researchers pave the way for new ideas to improve the efficiency and duraibility of perovskite solar cell technology. Overall, this review not only provides the current state of knowledge on defects in perovskite materials, but also illustrates futher research directions. By revealing the complex interplay between defects, photovoltaic performance and structural stability, researchers can develop the development path that overcomes the current limitations and realize the potential value of perovskite solar cell technology in the commercial applocations. This article aims to trigger an in-depth discussion of this issue and pomote further exploration and innovation in this promising field.