Storage and retrieval of solitons in electromagnetically induced transparent system of V-type three-level diamond nitrogen-vacancy color centers

Abstract

<sec>Compared with light, the solitons, which are from the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity of the system, possess high stability and fidelity as the information carries in quantum information processing and transmission, and have gained considerable attention in ultra-cold atomic electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) media. To date, the EIT models on the three-level ultra-cold atoms realized experimentally, are ladder-, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$\Lambda $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic specific-use="online" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M1.jpg"/><graphic specific-use="print" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-, and V-type mode. Current studies show that the solitons cannot be stored in V-type three-level ultra-cold atomic EIT media but they can be stored in ladder- and<inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$\Lambda $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic specific-use="online" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M2.jpg"/><graphic specific-use="print" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-type three-level ultra-cold atomic EIT media. It is mainly because the atoms of the V-type system initially are in a excited state, while the atoms of the ladder- and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$\Lambda $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic specific-use="online" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M3.jpg"/><graphic specific-use="print" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M3.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-type systems initially are in the ground state. For the practical applications, it is a large challenge to control accurately the solitons stored in the ultra-cold atomic EIT media due to their ultralow temperature and rarefaction. Fortunately, with the maturity of semiconductor quantum technology, quantum dots have extensively application prospect in quantum information processing and transmission. However, the solitons cannot be stored in V-type three level InAs/GaAs quantum dot EIT media either, while it can be stored in ladder-type system and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$\Lambda $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic specific-use="online" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M4.jpg"/><graphic specific-use="print" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="10-20232006_M4.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-type system.</sec><sec>Therefore, herein we propose a V-type three-level nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center EIT model in which a weakprobe field and a strong control field are coupled to different energy levels of NV center in diamond. Subsequently, the linear and nonlinear properties of system are studied by using semiclassical theory combined with multi-scale method. It is shown that when control field is turned on, the linear absorption curve of the system presents an EIT window. And the width of the EIT window increases with the strength of magnetic induction of the control field increasing. In the nonlinear case, the solitons formed can stably propagate over a long distance. Interestingly, the solitons can be stored and retrieved by switching off and on the magnetic field of control field. Moreover, the amplitude of the stored solitons can be modulated by the magnetic induction strength of control field. This result indicates that solitons as information carriers in quantum information processing and transmission of NV center can greatly improve the fidelity of information processing.</sec>