An Effective Kalman Based Hybrid Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO System by Using 2D Overlapped Partially Connected Sub-Array Structure

Abstract

In 5G mobile communication networks, millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology plays a key role. To deal with the problem of path loss that happens in the mmWave band, competent beamforming employing a large antenna array is required. Fully digital beamforming approaches currently require separate radio frequency chains (RF chains) for each antenna, which adds to the computational complexity and hardware expense. In a multi-user environment, fully digital beamforming suffers from a larger antenna array layout, whereas analog beamforming solutions are prone to numerous performance concerns. Hybrid beamforming, on the other hand, offers a promising solution for multi-user mmWave communication. This work proposes a two-dimensional overlapping partially connected (2D-OPC) sub-array structure to reduce the antenna structure's hardware complexity and cost. The suggested technique comprises several sub-arrays that are overlapped in 2D space in the form of a Uniform Planar Array (UPA). The suggested scheme's performance is assessed using Kalman-based hybrid beamforming, which exhibits a considerable increase in spectral efficiency when compared to existing hybrid beamforming techniques. The suggested technique, which uses Kalman based hybrid beamforming and 2D-OPC provides 3.14% and 4.96% improvement over the MMSE hybrid beamforming and ZF pre-coding technique respectively.